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數(shu)控(kong)磨床的選型(一)
隨著現代制造技術的發展,企業選用數控設備已是大勢所趨。目前市面上的數控磨床設備可謂琳瑯滿目,如何才能既經濟又合理地選擇到適合本企業的數控設備,一直是人們關注的話題。
一、首先確(que)定典型加工(gong)工(gong)件“族”
確定(ding)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)什么樣零件(jian)(jian)(jian)是選擇設備(bei)的(de)第一(yi)步(bu)(bu)。用(yong)成組技術把這些零件(jian)(jian)(jian)進行分組歸(gui)類(lei)(lei),確定(ding)準備(bei)主要(yao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對象的(de)典(dian)(dian)型(xing)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)族(zu)(zu)。在歸(gui)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)往往會遇到零件(jian)(jian)(jian)規格大(da)小相(xiang)(xiang)差很多(duo)、零件(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)狀相(xiang)(xiang)差較(jiao)大(da)、各類(lei)(lei)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時大(da)大(da)超過設備(bei)滿負荷(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時等(deng)問(wen)題,因此要(yao)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)選擇確定(ding)生產綱領又比較(jiao)接近(jin)要(yao)求的(de)典(dian)(dian)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)族(zu)(zu)。典(dian)(dian)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)族(zu)(zu)按外形(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)分為菱(ling)形(xing)(xing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(箱體(ti)(ti)(ti)類(lei)(lei))、板類(lei)(lei)、回轉(zhuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)類(lei)(lei)(盤(pan),套,軸,法蘭)和(he)異形(xing)(xing)類(lei)(lei)等(deng);按加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度要(yao)求又可(ke)(ke)分為普通級和(he)精(jing)(jing)密級等(deng)。典(dian)(dian)型(xing)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)分類(lei)(lei)清楚了,基(ji)本(ben)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)也(ye)就比較(jiao)明(ming)確了。
二(er)、典型(xing)零件(jian)族(zu)的工藝規程設計
對工藝(yi)(yi)流程(cheng)(cheng)進行規劃(hua)設(she)計,包(bao)括對原工藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)流程(cheng)(cheng)的變革,探索(suo)實現新工藝(yi)(yi)方(fang)法(fa)的可行性,探索(suo)使用先(xian)進刀具(ju)工裝大幅度提(ti)高生(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率的可行性,探索(suo)在生(sheng)產(chan)線上(shang)數控(kong)設(she)備(bei)和其(qi)它設(she)備(bei)(普(pu)通的、專機的)的合理配置(zhi)工藝(yi)(yi)等(deng),目的是希望得到使用數控(kong)磨床后的最佳工藝(yi)(yi)制造流程(cheng)(cheng)。
在安排工藝流程中考(kao)慮下列因素:
1、選(xuan)擇最短的加(jia)工工藝流程;
2、數(shu)控磨床有相(xiang)當大(da)適應性,但也不(bu)是萬能的,從經(jing)濟觀點考(kao)慮,典型工件族中(zhong)每一(yi)種(zhong)零件都有一(yi)個(ge)經(jing)濟批(pi)量,應在經(jing)濟批(pi)量基礎上使用(yong)比較先進的工藝(yi)手段(duan)。
3、盡(jin)量發揮(hui)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)各種工藝特點(dian),追求最(zui)大限度地發揮(hui)數控磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)綜合加工能力特長(多工藝集中的(de)工藝特點(dian)),應(ying)在生產流(liu)程中配置最(zui)少(shao)的(de)磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)數量、最(zui)少(shao)的(de)工藝裝備(bei)和夾具(ju)。
4、要考慮生產線或生產車間的各種設(she)備能(neng)力(li)的平衡。
5、在安排數控加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝中,妥善處理工(gong)序集(ji)中與工(gong)藝加(jia)(jia)工(gong)漸精原則的矛盾。
6、在對典(dian)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程的安排中,應(ying)妥善安排各臺磨(mo)床和生產線(xian)的手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)調(diao)整和檢測等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作,即人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)干預的影響(xiang)。