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數控(kong)磨床的選型(一(yi))
隨著現代制造技術的發展,企業選用數控設備已是大勢所趨。目前市面上的數控磨床設備可謂琳瑯滿目,如何才能既經濟又合理地選擇到適合本企業的數控設備,一直是人們關注的話題。
一、首(shou)先確定典型加工(gong)工(gong)件“族”
確(que)定(ding)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)什么(me)樣(yang)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)是選(xuan)擇設備(bei)的第(di)一(yi)步。用成(cheng)組(zu)技術(shu)把這些零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)進行分組(zu)歸類(lei)(lei),確(que)定(ding)準備(bei)主要(yao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)象(xiang)的典型(xing)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)族(zu)(zu)。在歸類(lei)(lei)中往往會(hui)遇到零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)規格大(da)小相差(cha)很多(duo)、零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)形狀相差(cha)較(jiao)大(da)、各類(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時大(da)大(da)超過(guo)設備(bei)滿負荷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時等問題,因(yin)此要(yao)進一(yi)步選(xuan)擇確(que)定(ding)生(sheng)產綱領又(you)比(bi)較(jiao)接近要(yao)求的典型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)族(zu)(zu)。典型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)族(zu)(zu)按外形可以分為菱(ling)形體(箱體類(lei)(lei))、板(ban)類(lei)(lei)、回轉體類(lei)(lei)(盤(pan),套,軸,法(fa)蘭(lan))和(he)異形類(lei)(lei)等;按加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度要(yao)求又(you)可分為普通級和(he)精(jing)(jing)密級等。典型(xing)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件(jian)分類(lei)(lei)清楚了,基本加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)也就(jiu)比(bi)較(jiao)明確(que)了。
二、典(dian)型零件族的工藝規程設計(ji)
對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)流(liu)(liu)程進(jin)行(xing)規劃設計(ji),包括對(dui)(dui)原工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)產流(liu)(liu)程的(de)變(bian)革,探(tan)索實現(xian)新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)方法的(de)可行(xing)性,探(tan)索使用(yong)先(xian)進(jin)刀具工(gong)(gong)(gong)裝大(da)幅度提高生(sheng)產效率(lv)的(de)可行(xing)性,探(tan)索在生(sheng)產線上數控設備(bei)和(he)其它設備(bei)(普通(tong)的(de)、專機的(de))的(de)合理配置工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)等,目的(de)是(shi)希(xi)望得(de)到使用(yong)數控磨床后(hou)的(de)最佳工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)制造流(liu)(liu)程。
在安排工藝流程中(zhong)考慮下(xia)列因素(su):
1、選擇最(zui)短的(de)加工工藝流程;
2、數控磨床有相當(dang)大適應(ying)性,但也不是萬能的,從(cong)經濟觀(guan)點考慮(lv),典型工(gong)件(jian)族(zu)中每一種零件(jian)都(dou)有一個經濟批(pi)量,應(ying)在(zai)經濟批(pi)量基礎上使用比(bi)較先進的工(gong)藝手段(duan)。
3、盡量(liang)發(fa)揮磨(mo)床(chuang)的各(ge)種工藝特(te)點,追求最(zui)(zui)大(da)限度地發(fa)揮數控磨(mo)床(chuang)的綜合加工能力特(te)長(多工藝集中的工藝特(te)點),應(ying)在生產流程中配(pei)置最(zui)(zui)少的磨(mo)床(chuang)數量(liang)、最(zui)(zui)少的工藝裝備和(he)夾具。
4、要(yao)考慮生(sheng)產線或生(sheng)產車(che)間的各(ge)種設備能力的平(ping)衡。
5、在安排(pai)數控加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)中,妥(tuo)善處理(li)工(gong)(gong)序集中與工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)漸(jian)精原則的矛盾。
6、在(zai)對典型(xing)工(gong)件工(gong)藝流(liu)程的(de)(de)安排(pai)中(zhong),應妥善安排(pai)各臺磨床和生(sheng)產(chan)線的(de)(de)手工(gong)調(diao)整(zheng)和檢測(ce)等工(gong)作,即人工(gong)干預的(de)(de)影響。