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平面磨床有哪幾種裝夾方式
對于平面磨床主軸徑(jing)(jing)向間隙若太大則會使(shi)(shi)主軸跳(tiao)動過大,造(zao)成(cheng)工件(jian)表面粗造(zao)度(du)差(cha),加工精(jing)度(du)也差(cha),同時,對磨床(chuang)也會造(zao)成(cheng)一些必(bi)要的磨損(sun),減少了(le)磨床(chuang)的使(shi)(shi)用壽命,給使(shi)(shi)用者帶來了(le)一些不(bu)必(bi)要的麻煩,影響了(le)生產效率。磨床(chuang)的徑(jing)(jing)向間隙在(zai)主軸冷(leng)的時候,兩(liang)級精(jing)度(du)的磨床(chuang)一般控制(zhi)0.003mm。主軸的徑(jing)(jing)向跳(tiao)動熱機時控制(zhi)在(zai)0.005mm以下。
對此(ci)我們(men)可(ke)以(yi)找專業維修(xiu)人員進行調整或修(xiu)刮磨床主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)瓦之間的間隙(xi)。在(zai)平面磨時,主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)產生徑向跳動的主要原因(yin)是(shi)主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)前軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)的徑向間隙(xi)過大,因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)調整主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)的徑向間隙(xi)時,主要是(shi)調整前軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)的間隙(xi)。
當(dang)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)前(qian)軸(zhou)承(cheng)采用滾動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)承(cheng)時(shi),可松(song)開前(qian)螺母的支緊螺釘(ding),向右適量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)前(qian)螺母,使帶有錐度的滾動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)承(cheng)內(nei)環(huan)沿軸(zhou)向移動(dong)(dong)(dong),然后進行(xing)試(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan),如(ru)果(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)在高轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速下不(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)過熱現(xian)象(xiang),同(tong)時(shi)用手轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)時(shi),無阻滯感(gan)覺,則可將支緊螺釘(ding)擰緊。
平(ping)面磨(mo)床(chuang)如采用(yong)以下幾(ji)種裝夾方式,保證(zheng)薄(bo)片工件在自由狀態下進行(xing)定位與夾緊,利(li)用(yong)雙端面進行(xing)磨(mo)削加工,可取得良好效(xiao)果,滿足零(ling)件加工精(jing)度要(yao)求(qiu)。
1、用臨(lin)時措(cuo)施加強薄片工件的剛性(xing)
采用環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂結合(he)劑,將(jiang)薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)自(zi)由狀(zhuang)態下(xia)(xia)粘到(dao)一塊平(ping)板上(shang)。平(ping)板連同薄片(pian)一起(qi)放到(dao)磁(ci)力(li)吸盤上(shang)。磨(mo)平(ping)薄片(pian)一端平(ping)面(mian)后,再將(jiang)薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)從平(ping)板上(shang)取下(xia)(xia)來,以(yi)磨(mo)平(ping)的(de)一面(mian)放到(dao)磁(ci)力(li)吸盤上(shang),再磨(mo)削薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)另一端平(ping)面(mian)。由于環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂在(zai)(zai)(zai)未硬(ying)化之(zhi)前有流(liu)動性(xing)(xing),它可以(yi)填(tian)平(ping)薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)與(yu)(yu)平(ping)板之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi)。當環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂硬(ying)化后,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)與(yu)(yu)平(ping)板粘結在(zai)(zai)(zai)一起(qi),成為(wei)一個整體,從而大大增強了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)剛性(xing)(xing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)磁(ci)力(li)吸引下(xia)(xia),薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)不會產生夾緊變(bian)形(xing),為(wei)磨(mo)削出平(ping)直平(ping)面(mian)創(chuang)造了條件(jian)(jian)。也(ye)可用厚油(you)脂代替環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂填(tian)充薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)與(yu)(yu)磁(ci)力(li)吸盤之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙(xi),增強工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)剛性(xing)(xing),同樣(yang)可以(yi)收到(dao)良(liang)好的(de)效(xiao)果。
2、機(ji)械(xie)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)方(fang)式
利用附件中的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)口(kou)鉗(qian)將薄片工件借磁性工作臺把(ba)小型平(ping)(ping)(ping)口(kou)鉗(qian)吸(xi)住(zhu),由于(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)口(kou)鉗(qian)有一(yi)定高(gao)度,因(yin)此,鉗(qian)口(kou)受(shou)磁力小。采(cai)用進給量逐漸(jian)減少的(de)辦法磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)薄片工件一(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)后取下,這時把(ba)已磨(mo)好的(de)一(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)放到磁性工作臺上,再進行磨(mo)削薄片工件的(de)另(ling)一(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian),反復磨(mo)削幾次,兩平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)度達到要(yao)求。
3、墊彈性墊片(pian)裝夾(jia)方式(shi)
在(zai)平面磨床上磨削上述薄片工(gong)件(jian)(jian)時(shi),采用(yong)彈(dan)性夾緊(jin)機(ji)構,使薄片工(gong)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)自(zi)由狀態下實現定位與夾緊(jin)。在(zai)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)與磁(ci)性工(gong)作臺之間墊一層(ceng)0.5mm厚(hou)的橡膠(jiao)(jiao),當工(gong)件(jian)(jian)受磁(ci)性吸引力(li)作用(yong)時(shi),橡膠(jiao)(jiao)被壓縮,彈(dan)性變形變小,從(cong)而可(ke)磨削出工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的平直(zhi)平面。反復磨削幾次,可(ke)滿足加工(gong)精度要求。
4、真空裝(zhuang)夾方(fang)式
利用(yong)(yong)大氣的壓(ya)力(li)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)(jia)薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)來進行(xing)磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)加工(gong)(gong)。其(qi)工(gong)(gong)作原(yuan)理為(wei):夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)體上設有(you)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan),把薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)放在橡(xiang)(xiang)膠密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)上,從而使工(gong)(gong)件(jian)與夾(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)體之間形成密(mi)封(feng)腔。用(yong)(yong)真(zhen)空泵將室內(nei)空氣從抽(chou)氣孔(kong)抽(chou)出,這(zhe)時工(gong)(gong)件(jian)被夾(jia)(jia)緊。由于夾(jia)(jia)緊力(li)小,可采用(yong)(yong)圓周磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)法進行(xing)磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)加工(gong)(gong)。當磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)好薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)一端平面(mian)后,磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)薄片(pian)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)另(ling)一端平面(mian)時,可采用(yong)(yong)上述方(fang)(fang)式進行(xing),同樣可得到滿意的結(jie)果。